[逻辑讲座]哥廷根大学刘明亚Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
来源：会议讲座
作者：
时间：2011-10-25
[逻辑讲座]10月27日周四哥廷根大学刘明亚Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
10月27日德国哥廷根大学英语系刘明亚讲座：Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
时间：10月27日下午15:10-18:00
地点：文史楼215
Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
Mingya Liu
liu.mingya@googlemail.com
Abstract: In proposition logic or first-order logic, a meaningful declarative sentence expresses a proposition, which can be true or false. However, as linguists and philosophers have already noticed, sometimes, a declarative sentence also expresses some extra content on which the truth value of its proposition depends. Such contents are known as presuppositions and they are so called because if the presupposition of a sentence is not true, the proposition of the sentence is undefined, i.e. lacks a truth value. In addition to presuppositions, linguists and philosophers have also noticed another special kind of entailments, called conventional implicatures (CIs), as defined below.
(1) CIs (Potts 2005)
a. CIs are part of the conventional meaning of words.
b. CIs are commitments, and thus give rise to entailments.
c. These commitments are made by the speaker of the utterance ‘by virtue of the meaning’ of the words he chooses.
d. CIs are logically and compositionally independent of what is ‘said (in the favored sense)’, i.e. independent of the at-issue entailments.
In this talk, I mainly present Potts (2005) that shows a range of different empirical phenomena such as expressive expressions, appositive nominals (ANs) or appositive relative clauses (ARCs), and supplementary adverbs can all be treated formally, i.e in his two-dimensional logic of CIs.
References (selected): Potts, Chris. 2005. The Logic of Conventional Implicatures. Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, Oxford University Press.
10月27日德国哥廷根大学英语系刘明亚讲座：Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
时间：10月27日下午15:10-18:00
地点：文史楼215
Logic of Natural Language Semantics: Presuppositions and Conventional Implicatures
Mingya Liu
liu.mingya@googlemail.com
Abstract: In proposition logic or first-order logic, a meaningful declarative sentence expresses a proposition, which can be true or false. However, as linguists and philosophers have already noticed, sometimes, a declarative sentence also expresses some extra content on which the truth value of its proposition depends. Such contents are known as presuppositions and they are so called because if the presupposition of a sentence is not true, the proposition of the sentence is undefined, i.e. lacks a truth value. In addition to presuppositions, linguists and philosophers have also noticed another special kind of entailments, called conventional implicatures (CIs), as defined below.
(1) CIs (Potts 2005)
a. CIs are part of the conventional meaning of words.
b. CIs are commitments, and thus give rise to entailments.
c. These commitments are made by the speaker of the utterance ‘by virtue of the meaning’ of the words he chooses.
d. CIs are logically and compositionally independent of what is ‘said (in the favored sense)’, i.e. independent of the at-issue entailments.
In this talk, I mainly present Potts (2005) that shows a range of different empirical phenomena such as expressive expressions, appositive nominals (ANs) or appositive relative clauses (ARCs), and supplementary adverbs can all be treated formally, i.e in his two-dimensional logic of CIs.
References (selected): Potts, Chris. 2005. The Logic of Conventional Implicatures. Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics, Oxford University Press.